In spinal stenosis, bone spurs, enlarged facet joints and a bulging disc constrict the nerve root canals causing compression and entrapment of the spinal nerves also called lateral or foraminal stenosis. In a normal vertebra, the spinal canal and the nerve root canals have ample space for passage of the spinal cord and nerves. overgrowth of bone and bone spurs (Fig.
thickening and stiffening of the ligaments.narrowing of the spinal and nerve root canals.Spinal stenosis is a degenerative condition that happens gradually over time and refers to: Bony changes can narrow the canals and restrict the spinal cord or nerves (see Anatomy of the Spine). Both the spinal and nerve root canals are surrounded by bone and ligaments. Spinal nerves exit the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen (also called the nerve root canal) to branch out to your body. Down the middle of each vertebra is a hollow space called the spinal canal that contains the spinal cord, spinal nerves, ligaments, fat, and blood vessels. The vertebrae are separated by discs, which act as shock absorbers preventing the vertebrae from rubbing together. Your spine is made of 24 moveable bones called vertebrae. Chronic symptoms may require surgery to open the canals. Medications, physical therapy and spinal injections can help control the symptoms. The pinched nerves become inflamed and cause pain, cramping, numbness or weakness in your legs, back, neck, or arms. Arthritis can cause the facet joints and ligaments to enlarge and thicken, restricting the space for the nerves to move freely. Spinal stenosis is the narrowing of the bony canals through which the nerves and spinal cord pass.
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